Ecological problems of water resources in Kazakhstan

Тurgai Alimbaev,Zhanna Mazhitova,Bibizhamal Omarova,Nurmuhammed Aipov,Bekzhan Kamzayev,Samal Tuleubayeva,V Breskich,S Uvarova

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202124401004

Abstract

This paper proposes a solution to the environmental problems in the Republic of Kazakhstan associated with the provision of the population with quality water. The authors propose to use only clear scientific forecasts, practical ecological scenarios, as well as the methodology of the National Action Plan for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development. This will allow to solve the issues of desertification, salinization, water scarcity, decline in irrigation, agriculture, and the fishing industry in the future. The purpose of the article is to reveal the reasons for the insufficiency and unevenness in the provision of water resources in the republic. In the study the principle of historicism and systems analysis is used. The results of the research confirm and indicate that the growth of the economic potential in industry and the transition to market mechanisms for the development of the economy gave rise to a reduction in reserves of clean water, shallowing of mountain and transboundary rivers, the decrease in fish populations, and the emergence of a real threat of a water ecological crisis in the republic. The obtained theoretical results of the study can be applied when discussing and significantly improving the environmental issues of water resources in the country.

Highlights

Water supply is one of the strategic state tasks of Kazakhstan
The historical burden of accumulated problems is of such a level since there has not been a year for the ecological situation in the country to improve at least once comprehensively, even despite the growth of budgetary funding for environmental protection measures
There is a lack of clear forecasts and scenarios of the consequences of environmental threats for the economy, health, tourism and recreation, on the basis of which crisis situations can be prevented

Summary

Introduction

Water supply is one of the strategic state tasks of Kazakhstan. Having a vast territory, a diversified national economic complex, the Republic of Kazakhstan is experiencing an insufficient and uneven supply of water resources. Significant areas of the Esil, Zhaiyk-Caspian, Aral-Syrdarya, Tobol-Torgai and Nura-Sarysu basins are already experiencing a shortage of both surface and groundwater [1]. For example, in Nura-Sarysu, which is a water basin in the center of Kazakhstan, the development of productive forces developed for a long time without taking into account the ecological characteristics of the region with an increase in deformations of sectoral proportions and socio-economic structure. All this led to a serious aggravation of the environmental situation in industrial centers, but throughout the region as a whole. The region accounts for 16% of industrial and 13% of agricultural production in Kazakhstan, more than 44% of fish catch, 75% of forage lands

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