Ecological plasticity, yield and grain quality of various soybean varieties under the conditions of Kursk Region

Abstract

The purpose of the research is to select the most promising soybean varieties for the conditions of the Kursk region, based on the results of an assessment of their environmental stability and plasticity, the level of yield and grain quality. The research was carried out in a field experiment on typical heavy-loamy chernozem (Kursk Region, Kursk District) in 2020-2022. 26 soybean varieties from 5 breeding centers were studied. During the growing season of soybeans, the HTC in 2020 amounted to 0.78, 2021 - 1.20, 2022 - 1.33. It was found that the varieties Farta, Kyoto, Avanta, Sparta, Kofu, Zusha, Shatilovskaya 17, Cassidy (bi=2.01-2.91) were characterized by the greatest ecological plasticity at a yield level of 2.17...2.64 t/ha, and the Bar variety (bi=0.44) was the least, the yield is 1.90 t/ha. Under the conditions of the Kursk region, all the studied varieties demonstrate high ecological stability (Si2= 0.01-0.65) - Elana and Arleta were the most stable (Si2= 0.01). According to the homeostaticity of the varieties, the best were Bara (Hom=14.29), Opus (Hom=10.70), Irbis (Hom=8.58) and Barguzin (Hom=7.65). According to the indicator of agronomic stability, all the studied varieties are suitable for production under the conditions of Kursk Region (As>70 %). The varieties Bara, Opus, Irbis and Barguzin had the greatest agronomic stability (As=98.7-97.1%). On average, over the years of research, among the early-ripening varieties, the highest yield was formed by the Nordic (2.54 t/ha), the lowest by the Cossack (1.93 t/ha). In varieties of medium-early ripeness, the highest grain yield is observed in the Kofu variety (2.61 t/ha). The yield of the other varieties of this group of ripeness (Zusha, Slavia, Kyoto, Cassidy and Amadeus) was lower than that of Kofu by 0.19-0.48 t/ha. In early varieties, the highest protein content in grain was in the Hana variety (45.9%), in the middle early group - from 45.6% in the Amadeus variety. For the conditions of the Kursk region, early varieties of Nordica, Hana, Opus, Osmon are recommended (yield 2.34... 2.54 t/ ha), medium-early varieties - Kyoto, Kofu (2.42...2.61 t /ha), for early harvesting - ultra-ripe Bar variety.