Abstract
Production planning is a critical step for the implementation of sustainable production. It is necessary to consider energy and resource efficiency in all planning phases to promote sustainable production. In this paper, an approach for environmental impact assessment in all phases of process chain planning supported by process models is presented. The level of detail of the assessment is determined based on the level of detail of the planning phase. During the assessment, consumption of energy and resources is considered. This approach aims to align planning phases with the objective of sustainable production. In rough planning, the approach allows the selection of an ecologically favorable process chain. In detailed planning, process parameters can be selected based on their ecological sustainability. The approach can be integrated into the planning of process chains in order to consider ecological factors throughout all planning phases. The approach is evaluated by using an exemplary use case. The results indicate that rough planning under the consideration of uncertainties can form a reasonable prediction about resource efficiency for possible manufacturing routes. By systematically selecting a resource-efficient process chain, energy savings of up to 21% can be achieved for the presented use case.
Highlights
Production planning is a critical step for the implementation of sustainable production
This paper presents an approach to consider ecological factors at each planning phase
Digitization can greatly facilitate this in the form of virtual replication and modeling of production processes when digital ecological process models are included in the planning process
Summary
While the term ‘resource’ is broad, it can be defined in the context of production. Here, inputs and outputs of a production system are considered. Life Cycle Inventory phase, energy and material flows are collected and processed. As part of the Life Cycle Inventory phase, calculation approaches can be used to aggregate consumption data For this data aggregation, all used resources in a production process can be converted into the indirect energy equivalent [7]. The embodied energy approach does not consider the use phase of a produced good [8]. System boundaries define the framework under consideration [9] This determines which resource and energy consumptions are accounted to calculate the embodied energy. If the required energy to recycle production waste is considered in the system boundaries, the embodied energy will be higher than if recycling is not considered This requires a systematic set of system limits for the use case. The systematic setting of system boundaries will be addressed further in the paper in resource-efficient process planning
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