Ecological land use research on spatial and temporal patterns in Yangzonghai watershed from 2005 to 2020

Abstract

By exploring the spatial-temporal pattern changes of ecological land in Yangzonghai watershed of Yunnan Province, this paper obtained the quantity and spatial distribution of ecological land, which promoted the effective protection, rational utilization and sustainable development of ecological environment in the watershed. Using the data of 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020, ArcGIS and Fragstats4.2 software were used to analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of ecological land use in the study area by using dynamic variation degree, transfer matrix and landscape pattern index. The ecological land in Yangzonghai watershed was mainly basic ecological land and auxiliary ecological land, which accounted for about 77% of the total study area. From 2005 to 2020, the ecological land showed a decreasing trend, with a total decrease of 798.61 hm². From the perspective of ecological land transfer matrix, forest land, cultivated land, bare land and construction land are converted frequently. The increase of forest land was mainly from cultivated land and bare land. The sources of cultivated land increase were forest land and bare land. The increasing sources of construction land were cultivated land, bare land and forest land. The decreasing sources of forest land became bare land and cultivated land. The decreasing sources of cultivated land became forestland and construction land. According to the landscape pattern index, woodland, water area and farmland were the main landscape types in the study area. From 2005 to 2020, woodland, water area and cultivated land all showed a trend of fragmentation, and the patch geometry changed from simple to complex. However, on the whole, the connectivity of dominant patch types in the study area was good, and the landscape diversity and dominance were relatively stable although there were certain fluctuations. The quantity, transfer and landscape pattern of ecological land in Yangzonghai basin from 2005 to 2020 were analyzed. It is expected to provide data support and decision-making basis for ecological land protection and ecological security system construction in the watershed.