Abstract
An ecological compensation mechanism is the basic condition for the sustainable development of national parks and the key institutional measure to implement goals 1, 3, 6, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, and 17 of the sustainable development goals. In this study, the current ecological compensation mechanism was summarized and analyzed from the aspects of promotion mode, realization routine, and implementation effect, on the basis of the sustainable development needs of national parks and the public welfare character in construction and management. In addition, the practical demands of ecological compensation for basin-type national parks were presented in the setting of the main body and mode of multiparticipation, and the key points of compensation. The “1 + 1 + N” basin-type national park ecological compensation system was designed on the basis of the framework of horizontal protection and vertical development. Taking the Baoxing Giant Panda National Park as an example, typical compensation scenarios were designed from five common compensation approaches; namely, fund, project, technology, material, and policy compensations. The compensation modes were selected and the effect was predicted in combination with local actual situation. Finally, the optimal combination scheme of ecological compensations for national parks was determined on the basis of the return on investment index.
Highlights
The United Nations put forward 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) in September 2015, which aim to mobilize global efforts to end poverty, foster peace, safeguard the rights and dignity of all people, and protect the planet [1]
The optimal combination scheme of ecological compensations for national parks was determined on the basis of the return on investment index
Two kinds of necessary comprehensive compensation approaches and nine kinds of selective and targeted compensation approaches are designed by coupling the national park management mechanism, watershed characteristics and the actual situation of the Baoxing Giant Panda National Park
Summary
The United Nations put forward 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) in September 2015, which aim to mobilize global efforts to end poverty, foster peace, safeguard the rights and dignity of all people, and protect the planet [1]. The SDGs call for deep transformations in every country, that will require complementary actions by governments, civil society, scientific research institutions and enterprises. In transformation 4, which is broadly focused on sustainable land use and agricultural systems, achieving the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources by 2030 is the content of SDGs [3,4]. Planet and partnership are two keywords of SDGs, which means that it is necessary to establish a self-enforcing win-win partnership between human and nature, and between stakeholders [5]. As suggested in TWI2050 Report [6]
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