Abstract
Chains of rate-coupled exponential growing systems can explain the occurrence of hyperbolic growth. Ecological systems show structures consisting of chains and cycles with weak coupling between them, For nonlinear and instationary systems described by ordinary differential equations a flexible structure design procedure is introduced, it leads to a unified description by Volterra equations. We get always a lot of equivalent Volterra representations, corresponding equivalence transformations are discussed. Some open scientific problems are formulated. Instead of logarithmic derivative other basic operators can be used, in this case we get similar results compared with the Volterra case.
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