Ecological and Legal Regulation of Genetic Engineering Activities in the Russian Federation: Current Problems and Development Prospects

Abstract

The paper is devoted to the study of theoretical and legal aspects of the implementation of state policy and strategizing in the field of production and circulation of GMOs. Based on the results of the analysis of the state strategic planning documents, the authors prove that a new system of strategizing in the field of production and circulation of GMOs is being actively formed in the Russian Federation. This system is based on the assessment of potential and long-term risks of GMOs on the environment and human health. This system includes a modern strategic, legislative, subordinate regulatory legal and methodological base. In order to improve state policy and strategizing in the field of production and circulation of GMOs, it is proposed to develop a concept for the development of genetic engineering activities as part of the country’s socio-economic development, taking into account biological, food, and environmental safety. The paper also provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of GMO handling. Based on the results of an assessment of the legal support of the current security system of the Russian Federation in the field of genetic engineering, its effectiveness is proved. At the same time, the authors highlight potential risks of the appearance of second and third generation GMOs, which may remain unidentified within the framework of control over the GMO turnover.