Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic starting at the end of 2019 impacted many human activities. We analysed the abrupt reduction in fishing pressure of the mixed small-scale and industrial fisheries in the Catalan Sea, Spanish Mediterranean, and resulting ecological and economic impacts during the first half of 2020. We used detailed fisheries data on fishing effort, landings, revenues, landings per unit of effort (LPUE) and revenues per unit of effort from January to June 2020, and complemented it with the outcomes of a marine ecosystem model. We analysed data from 2017 to 2019 and compared these to 2020 to characterise changes in the fishing activity from before (January–February) to during (March–May) the lockdown. Fishing effort during the lockdown dropped by 34%, landings were down by 49% and revenues declined by 39% in comparison with the same period in 2017–2019. LPUEs did not show significant changes during the lockdown, with the exception of shrimp species, especially the deep-water rose shrimp, which significantly increased in LPUE during March–May. These increases may reflect positive effects of reduced fishing on fast-growing species. Positive effects mostly disappeared in June 2020 with the relaxation of the lockdown. In agreement, the ecological simulations projected slight short-term increases of biomass for fast-growing, small-sized organisms during 2020, which quickly vanished when fishing resumed, and which had no detectable ecosystem effects. Three additional alternative ecological simulations illustrated that to substantially recover commercial species and ensure ecosystem sustainability in the study area, a sustained and notable reduction of fishing activity would be needed.
Highlights
During the last days of 2019 and up to the day of writing, humanity has been immersed in an unprecedented situation due to the eruption of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic
COVID-19, fishing effort had increased by 1% in January-February 2020 in comparison with 2017-2019 with an uneven distribution: long liners, purse seiners and bottom trawlers showed a moderate decline in effort, while small-scale gear fisheries showed an increase of 19% (Table 2)
Short-term cessations such as the one provoked by COVID-19 lockdown early 2020 cannot recover marine resources and the ecosystem; (3) short-term, small-scale fishing gears seems to be more resilient to abrupt short-lasted crisis than other fleet segments because they have proved to be more flexible; and (4) external market shocks may lead to problematic situations when conservation measures depend exclusively on market dynamics
Summary
During the last days of 2019 and up to the day of writing, humanity has been immersed in an unprecedented situation due to the eruption of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic. This pandemic, referred to as the COVID-19 pandemic after the disease caused by the virus, has caused a global acute human health crisis with tragic consequences. Human activities have been considerably reduced in many regions of the world for weeks to months on end. These human confinements may be one of the largest “experiment” of abrupt and intense cessations of anthropogenic activities to date, providing a historic snapshot of the effects on human wellbeing, the environment and wildlife, including the oceans (Bates et al 2020; Coll 2020; Corlett et al 2020; Manenti et al 2020).
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