ECOLOGICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC ASPECTS OF URINARY SCHISTOSOMIASIS AS PRECANCER (Literature review)

Abstract

The article has included the issues of modern approaches to diagnosis and treatment of urinary schistosomiasis, a common parasitic disease. Numerous studies of pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and further development of urinary schistosomiasis allow us to consider this parasitosis as a precancerous disease. Due to the high rates of modern population igration, the widened area of schistosomiasis spreading and young age of patients, this subject is characterized by high medical and social significance. Despite the development of modern science, issues of diagnosis of this disease are relevant. We have an unresolved problem of verification of hidden forms, and the lack of effective screening complicates activity of the medical systems of the countries located in endemic areas. Also, the issues of early detection of the bladder cancer associated with urinary schistosomiasis that manifests itself in decades after the primary infection are pressing. The article has given an overview of original research works carried out over the last 30 years dedicated to epidemiology of urinary schistosomiasis and specific features of clinical and laboratory diagnosis of the bladder cancer caused by schistosomiasis: from clinical symptoms to high-precision molecular studies. We have identified shortcomings of existing research techniques and have planned the ways to improve verification of urinary schistosomiasis taking into account high carcinogenic activity of the pathogen and growth of medical-statistical indices in patients with the bladder cancer among residents of different countries.