Ecological and agrochemical features of chemical agents use on soils contaminated with cadmium and copper in the link of vegetable rotation

Abstract

The article presents mobility coefficients of cadmium and copper, biological absorption coefficients of toxic metals by the main products of potatoes, beetroot and beans, depending on the chemicalization agents used on black soil with a typical heavy loamy granulometric composition. The introduction of lime, the combined application of lime and manure have a positive effect on reducing the coefficient of cadmium mobility. The high content of cadmium and copper in the soil does not have a negative effect on the synthesis of basic organic substances in vegetable products (starch, sugar, protein). The accumulation of nitrates in vegetable products occurs as a result of the mineral and organic fertilizers application; heavy metals do not have a significant effect on the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen during the cultivation of vegetable crops. The coefficient of biological absorption is influenced not only by lime, manure, mineral fertilizers, but also by the physiological characteristics of the crops themselves, which need toxic elements as micro and ultramicroelements for nutrition and synthesis of organic substances. The results of studies on crops of beetroot show that the application of lime, manure and the combined application of lime and manure reduce the intake of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in root crops and tops of beetroot. A double dose of mineral fertilizers reduces the intake of copper and lead, but insignificantly, and does not have a positive effect on reducing the accumulation of cadmium and zinc. On soils contaminated with heavy metals (Cd, Cu), according to the value of biological absorption coefficient of the studied crops, heavy metals are distributed as follows: when growing potatoes - Cd> Cu; when cultivating table beet - Cu> Cd; when growing beans - Cu> Cd.