Abstract
The great extent and diversity of ecological conditions of stream ecosystems in Brazil are widely recognized. In the last two decades, studies on stream fishes have contributed to the knowledge about their trophic ecology. However, the large amount of available information is yet fragmented. This chapter presents the state of the art of studies about feeding and trophic ecology of stream fishes in Brazil, an essential topic to understand ecosystem functioning. The review presented here was based on searches on different databases (Scopus, Web of Science, ASFA and Scielo). Results included studies that used different methods and approaches to evaluate the diet of fish species and assemblages, their relationship with morphology and ontogenetic variation, resource partitioning, seasonal and spatial variations, and anthropic impacts on trophic interactions. Finally, knowledge gaps and perspectives for future studies on fish trophic ecology are pointed out, including responses to anthropic influences, theoretical aspects, and the use of underexplored approaches to the subject, which may aid to our understanding of tropical streams
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