Abstract
In connection with the development of urbanization, the protection of cities and the environment, issues of restoring the ecological balance become an urgent issue. The scale and intensity of product development in Azerbaijan enhance the anthropogenic impact on the nature of the regions. Such an effect is manifested in the pollution of soils with industrial, household waste, chemical fertilizers, the burning of hydrocarbons, the emission of harmful substances in the water and vehicles into the environment. Like in the whole world and in Azerbaijan, such negative processes are no exception. In this regard, the environmental problems of cities and urban agglomerations around the world are in the focus of attention of specialists and scientists. The presented article considers environmental and geographic problems that arose as a result of air emissions in 8 cities of Azerbaijan. The historical properties of studying atmospheric pollution in cities are analyzed, ecogeographic methods for studying atmospheric pollution of cities are identified, environmental pollutants of large cities and the ecogeographic properties of their influence are considered. The ecological properties of the geographical condition, meteorological climatic conditions in air pollution, aerospace research in the study of atmospheric pollution in large cities and the effect of pollution on the health of the population of large cities are studied. The transport system of cities, their geography, and the effect of emissions of harmful, poisonous substances into the atmosphere by vehicles on public health were also noted. Based on the methods for predicting atmospheric air pollution in large cities and the non-linear regression technique, a mathematical model of ecogeographic forecasting of air pollution is applied. Comprehensive indicators and the level of air pollution in unfavorable conditions for urban agglomerations are determined.
Highlights
In connection with the development of urbanization, the protection of cities and the environment, issues of restoring the ecological balance become an urgent issue
Several big-scale air pollution disasters were recorded in the world in the XX century
The valley of Moz (Belgium) in 1930, almost became poison trap as a result of air pollutants emitted to the atmosphere by the coke ovens, steel and zinc smelting plants, glass factories and sulfuric acid plants located in the valley
Summary
The studies indicate [11, 12] that unfavourable weather conditions such as light breeze, high temperature and humidity and foggy weather have more impact on the increased concentration of air pollutant particles in the atmosphere. The role of aerospace research in the study of air pollution of cities The results of large-scale studies of atmospheric processes utilising satellite imagery are given below-mentioned studies [13-15] Those studies cover the investigation of earth surface weather conditions based on the aerospace data. The lower boundary of such inversion is gradually increasing, and in this connection, the volume of air is increased, which includes harmful impurities from sources of pollution At this time, a cloud of smoke is formed in the inversion layer at high air humidity [15-19]. The infant mortality indicators among the cities of Azerbaijan Republic was as following: Baku city - 769 in 1990, 511 in 2006, Sumgait city – 127 in 1990, 83 in 2006, Ganjacity — 61 in 1990, 38 in 2006, Shaki city — 81 in 1990, 47 in 2006, Lankaran city – 70 in 1990, 22 in 2000, Shirvan — 35 in 1990, 7 in 2006, Mingachevircity — 44 in 1990, 9 in 2006, Nakhchivan city — 18 in 1990, 6 in 2006 [26, 27]
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