Eco-friendly graphene oxide-based magnesium oxide nanocomposite synthesis using fungal fermented by-products and gamma rays for outstanding antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities

Abstract

Green synthesis of nanoparticles is an eco-friendly new approach and an attractive field in biomedical applications. In the current investigation, a novel green synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) and graphene oxide based magnesium oxide nanocomposite (GO/MgO nanocomposite) is accomplished using the fungal fermented agricultural by-products and gamma irradiation. MgO NPs are synthesized using wheat bran fermented by Erysiphe cichoracearum and gamma irradiation at 30.0 kGy. GO/MgO nanocomposite is produced efficiently at 20.0 kGy. The characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles is executed by FTIR, XRD, DLS, SEM, and TEM. The mean average diameter of MgO NPs is 14.5 nm and doped uniformly on the surface of the graphene oxide sheets. An excellent antioxidant activity has been shown by GO/MgO nanocomposite (500 μg/mL) of 56.71%. MgO NPs and GO/MgO nanocomposite prove a great antimicrobial effect against all the tested microbial human pathogens. Escherichia coli and Candida albicans are mostly inhibited by MgO NPs and GO/MgO nanocomposite. MgO NPs and GO/MgO nanocomposite show great cytotoxicity against Prostate cancer cell lines. IC50 of MgO NPs and GO/MgO nanocomposite against the Prostate cancer cell lines (PC3) are 86.7 μg/mL and 11.17 μg/mL, respectively. Owing to the strong attachment of MgO NPs and GO construction, the GO/MgO nanocomposite could be used as a promising candidate for new and potent antimicrobial and anticancer considered successful future applications.