Ecofeminism

Abstract

Abstract Ecofeminist ethics are rooted in feminist activisms against nuclear power, militarism, and species oppression, as well as institutionalized racism, sexism, classism, and heterosexism. Philosophically, ecofeminist ethics emerge from earlier work in feminist ethics – particularly the ethics of care – as well as feminist spiritualities, and feminist and ecofeminist philosophies ( see Feminist Ethics; Care Ethics). Ecofeminism is variously seen as a branch of feminist theory, a subset of environmental ethics ( see Environmental Ethics), and a manifestation of environmental politics. Ecofeminist ethics are manifested through movements for gender, species, and environmental justice, water and food democracy, and local economic self‐sufficiency.