Eco-synthesis route: Developing bis-hydrazono[1,2,4]-thiadiazoles via a green synthetic approach with calcium oxide-chitosan nanocomposite

Abstract

Modern environmental organic chemistry is focused on developing cost-efficient, versatile, environmentally acceptable catalytic chemicals that are also highly effective. Herein, hybrid calcium-chitosan nanocomposite films was prepared by doping calcium oxide molecules into a chitosan matrix at weight percentage (15, 20, and 25 % wt. chitosan‑calcium) using an easy and affordable simple co-precipitation process. The CS–CaO nanocomposite's structure was elucidated using analytical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Based on the X ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, the crystallinity was reduced by the incorporation of the CaO molecules. Also, from the calculation of the Debye-Scherrer equation on this X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, the crystallite size was found to be 17.2 nm for the nanocomposite film with 20 % wt. The energy dispersive spectroscopy graph demonstrated the presence of the distinctive Ca element signals within the chitosan, with the amount in a sample of 20 % wt. being discovered to be 21.32 % wt. For the synthesis of bis-hydrazono[1,2,4]thiadiazoles, the obtained CS–CaO nanocomposite could be employed as a potent heterogeneous recyclable catalyst. Better reaction yields, quicker reactions, softer reaction conditions, and green reusable efficient biocatalysts for several uses are just a few advantages of this approach.