Eco-synthesis and characterization of titanium nanoparticles: Testing its cytotoxicity and antibacterial effects

Nada E Eisa,Manal A Awad,Khalid M Ortashi,Shaffa Almansour,Amira M Ali,Eman Algrafy,Ibtessam A Alnaim,Awatif A Hendi,Promy Virk,Fahd Z Eissa

doi:10.1515/gps-2020-0045

Abstract

AbstractIn recent years, green synthesis of nanoparticles has been the cornerstone of development of nanotechnology and its applications, as it emphasizes on promoting environmental sustainability. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential health benefits of the green-synthesized titanium nanoparticles (TiO2NPs). TiO2NPs were synthesized using titanium(iv) isopropoxide and lupin bean extract. The synthesized particles were characterized to assess the average particle size by dynamic light scattering, and X-ray diffraction method was used to study the crystalline nature. The average particle size recorded was 9.227 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.382. The morphology of the particles was assessed by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy which showed varied shapes of the nanoparticles, uniform spherical and crystallite rod shaped. Further, the cytotoxic efficacy of the nanoparticles was assessed against the breast cancer (MCF-7) cell line using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromidefor (MTT) assay. The antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles was evaluated against clinical pathogens via the disc diffusion assay. The key findings showed that the TiO2NPs exhibited potent cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 cell line with an IC50 of 41.1 µg. It also showed profound antibacterial activity. Thus, the synthesized nanoparticles could have potential biomedical applications owing to their therapeutic efficacy.

Highlights

Nanoscience is an emerging research field with wide applications in electronics, material and biomedical sciences
Keeping in mind the premise, the current study describes a novel mode of biosynthesis of highly stable, cost-effective and environmentally benign TiO2NPs crystal using the Lupinus extract
The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern shows sharp peaks 2θ at about ≈25°, 37° and 48° indicating the existence of crystallite sized particles, with a semicrystalline nature. These results are in agreement with the previous study by Hudlikar et al [20]

Summary

Introduction

Nanoscience is an emerging research field with wide applications in electronics, material and biomedical sciences. Several metal nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by varied modes have been extensively reported for their applications in the above-mentioned fields [1]. TiO2 production is on a steep rise worldwide due to its applications in various products such as sunscreens, paints, electronics, solar cells, in addition to sensor technology, environmental remediation and other related fields [3,4]. Several studies report that owing to their high photocatalytic efficiency, TiO2 materials could play a potential role in antibacterial applications and act as a photosensitizer for the. Eco-synthesis and characterization of titanium nanoparticles: testing its cytotoxicity and antibacterial effects 463 photodynamic therapy (PDT) in cancer. It has been postulated that TiO2 exerts a cytotoxic effect against cancer cells and some pathogenic organisms such as fungi and bacteria by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [5,6]

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