Eco-physiological Responses of Aquatic Fungi to Three Global Change Stressors Highlight the Importance of Intraspecific Trait Variability.

Abstract

Anthropogenic change at a global scale is affecting life on Earth with impacts on freshwaters. Aquatic hyphomycetes are fungi that drive organic matter decomposition in freshwaters and mediate energy transfer to higher trophic levels. Intraspecific trait variability affects ecological processes and can account for species adaptations to environmental change. To ascertain how aquatic hyphomycetes respond to global change related stressors, we selected 20 strains (7 species), based on their co-occurrence in streams and phylogenetic relatedness. We measured fungal growth rates at different temperatures (7 levels), nutrient concentrations (6 levels) and medium moisture (6 levels). Our results indicate that all stressors affected fungal growth, and responses to nutrient enrichment and moisture were strain specific. Fungal responses to the stressors were not explained by their phylogenetic relatedness. In the absence of stressors, interspecific diversity best explained the variance in fungal traits, while the increase in the stress gradient increased the importance of intraspecific diversity.