Abstract
Eco-industrial park is the new trend in developing sustainable industrial zones. In Vietnam, the concept of ‘eco-industrial park’ has gained its popularity in the last decade; yet there remain many obstacles in actualizing this model. One of the main reasons is the lack of a criteria set for building eco-industrial parks that fits Vietnamese situation. We analyzed criteria for building eco-industrial parks in other countries in order to compare with current criteria in Vietnam. Suggestions for establishing a criteria set for building eco-industrial parks in Vietnam were discussed.
Highlights
Inclusive and sustainable industrial development has become a global trend due to a pressing need to balance between economic, social and environmental goals
The international framework for Eco-industrial park (EIP) proposed by UNIDO, World Bank Group and GIZ would be used as a benchmark for comparison of EIP requirements between Vietnam and other countries
Encourage park infrastructure according to ISO standards Provide essential infrastructure and services inside the park in accordance to legal regulations 90% of firms are aware of cleaner production; at least 20% of firms apply resource efficiency and cleaner production, and innovative technology in reducing emissions and recycling wastes At least 1 industrial symbiosis link per park and 10% of firms have plans for industrial symbiosis Monitoring of water, energy and waste management Publicize reports of environment protection
Summary
Inclusive and sustainable industrial development has become a global trend due to a pressing need to balance between economic, social and environmental goals. EIP provides larger-scope solutions than product- or firm-specific sustainable interventions, as it involves changes at firm level or park level but its social and economic impacts can benefit local communities and nations (Hein et al, 2015). The concept of EIP evolves from an ecology of concepts on sustainable and inclusive development, such as resource efficiency and cleaner production, industrial symbiosis, green industry, low-carbon zones, etc. The EIP initiative becomes a designated model to mitigate negative environmental impacts and improve economic and social welfare (UNIDO, 2016). This paper aimed to review international experiences on requirements of EIPs. China and Korea were selected for discussion and comparison because of their geographical proximity to Vietnam and the similarities in industrialization process. We discussed the suitability of existing models in Vietnam towards finding an appropriate, nation-specific set of requirements for EIP in Vietnam
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