Abstract
Silver (Ag) nanoparticles were successfully prepared by using the in-liquid pulsed plasma technique. This method is based on a low voltage, pulsed spark discharge in a dielectric liquid. We explore the effect of the protecting ligands, specifically Cetyl Trimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB), Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and Sodium n-Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS), used as surfactant materials to prevent nanoparticle aggregation. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns of the samples confirm the face-centered cubic crystalline structure of Ag nanoparticles with the presence of Ag2O skin. Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) reveals that spherically shaped Ag nanoparticles with a diameter of 2.2 ± 0.8 nm were synthesised in aqueous solution with PVP surfactant. Similarly, silver nanoparticles with a peak diameter of 1.9 ± 0.4 nm were obtained with SDS surfactant. A broad size distribution was found in the case of CTAB surfactant.
Highlights
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and Sodium n-Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS), used as surfactant materials to prevent nanoparticle aggregation
We report on a simple and promising method, the pulsed plasma in-liquid technique [28–30], to prepare Ag nanoparticles based on the electrical discharge between two Ag electrodes submerged in a dielectric liquid, which is believed to be ecologically friendly and cost-efficient compared with other traditional chemical methods [31]
Several different surfactant materials have shown the best stabilizing properties for Ag nanoparticles, including the three ones studied in this work: Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and Sodium n-Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS)
Summary
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and Sodium n-Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS), used as surfactant materials to prevent nanoparticle aggregation. A broad size distribution was found in the case of CTAB surfactant. Many fields in both academia and industry are being revolutionised by the advancement of nanotechnology, due to its capability to tailor the properties of materials at the nanoscale [1]. Nano-sized metal particles (
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