Abstract
The use of formaldehyde-based synthetic adhesives for the development of wood-based panels has increased rapidly in the industry. Synthetic adhesives are regarded as a threat to human health and a pollutant because they emit formaldehyde's carcinogenic gas. The breakthrough has prompted to seek for a long-term solution to the formaldehyde threat with natural resources. There has been a significant rise in bio-based adhesive technology and development in the wood-based panel industry. The current review article is intended to present the potentials and the drawbacks of the development of bio-adhesives from sustainable resources such as natural rubber latex (NRL) and starch. This review also discussed the chemical modification and crosslinkers of starch to improve water resistance and adhesion properties. Moreover, this article discusses the compatibility of modified rice starch and NRL for their conclusive applications as wood-based panels adhesive. The findings suggested that bio-based adhesives could replace more synthetic-based adhesives with comparable performance in the near future.
Highlights
Wood-based panels adhesives are synthetic polymers intended to interact physically, chemically, or both with the surface of the wood in such a way that constraints are transmitted between bonded members, ideally without adhesive rupture or disconnection from the wood
Most of the adhesives used in the industries for bonding wood panels are synthetic adhesives, phenolformaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde, which pose a risk to human health and polluted air quality by emitting carcinogenic gas, formaldehyde, during the industrial production and usage of wood-based panels (Moubarik et al, 2013)
Formaldehyde has been classified as the source of nasopharyngeal cancer by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
Summary
Wood-based panels adhesives are synthetic polymers intended to interact physically, chemically, or both with the surface of the wood in such a way that constraints are transmitted between bonded members, ideally without adhesive rupture or disconnection from the wood. California Air Resource Board (CARB) approved a regulation standard to lessen the formaldehyde emission from the wood-based panel's products. Renewable biopolymers such as starch (Li et al, 2014) and natural rubber latex (Hermiati et al, 2006) are developing sustainablebased adhesives to fasten the composite wood panels. The review focus on developing and applying the bioadhesive based on natural rubber latex incorporated with modified rice starch for wood-based panels bonding. Bio-based adhesives are natural adhesives derived from natural resources, such as starch, protein, lignin and tannin It can provide an environmentally friendly and long-term substitute to the synthetic adhesives systems employed in the wood-based panel industry. There are successful solutions to these drawbacks and discuss them in the present review article
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