Abstract
In this study, our efforts were focused on the optimization of phenolic compounds - mainly sinapine - extraction from residues of industrial mustard production. A preliminary work was conducted to discuss the way data from Folin-Ciocalteu analytical method are reported and exploited in the literature, and to determine whether methanol can be replaced by ethanol as extracting solvent. As this first question had found a positive answer, an optimization of the extraction process on crude and pretreated industrial residue was achieved using a Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Optimal conditions obtained through this Design of Experiments (DoE) allowed the extraction of more than 10 mg/g of defatted and dried matter (aka DDM) of phenolics from defatted and dried matter, and 13 mg/g DDM of phenolics from non-pretreated matter (results expressed as equivalent of DDM).
Highlights
Valorizing by-products from agriculture is one of the potential ways to achieve a sustainable economy
In this study we were more interested in mustard species, such as Brassica juncea, Sinapis alba, Brassica nigra, belonging to the Brassicaceae family that includes rapeseed and canola. All these plants are known to be rich in phenolic compounds especially in sinapine, the choline ester of sinapic acid
The latter is of interest as it has been used in our research group as platform molecule for the chemo-enzymatic synthesis of an anti-UV agent (Dean et al, 2014; Baker et al, 2016; Luo et al, 2017), a non-endocrine disruptive antiradical additive (Jaufurally et al, 2016) and a bisphenol A substitute for polymers/resins synthesis (Janvier et al, 2017a,b). With regards to these promising sinapic acid-based chemicals, and our region being a major producer of canola and mustard, we dedicated ourselves to the optimization of a sustainable extraction process allowing the recovery of sinapine and sinapic acid from mustard bran locally processed by Charbonneaux-Brabant, a local mustard producer
Summary
Valorizing by-products from agriculture is one of the potential ways to achieve a sustainable economy. All these plants are known to be rich in phenolic compounds especially in sinapine, the choline ester of sinapic acid The latter is of interest as it has been used in our research group as platform molecule for the chemo-enzymatic synthesis of an anti-UV agent (Dean et al, 2014; Baker et al, 2016; Luo et al, 2017), a non-endocrine disruptive antiradical additive (Jaufurally et al, 2016) and a bisphenol A substitute for polymers/resins synthesis (Janvier et al, 2017a,b). As sinapic acid costs around $1,000/kg (Enovation Chemicals, 2018), this extraction will bring additional value to the residues before its end-use in methanisation or as feed
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