Eco-Friendly Biosynthesis of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles Mediated by Okra Plant Extract and Investigation of Their Photocatalytic, Magnetic, Cytotoxicity, and Antibacterial Properties

Abstract

In the present stud, NiO–NPs have been synthesized via the sol–gel method and using okra plant extract as a reducing and limiting agent. The optical, photocatalytic, structural and magnetic properties of the NiO–NPs have been investigated via the usage of FTIR, UV–Vis, XRD, FESEM, EDX, VSM, and TGA/DTA. The results of the achieved XRD and FT-IR analyses have confirmed the formation of pure and crystalline NiO–NPs. The thermal behavior of the composition has been studied by the utilization of TGA/DTA results. Moreover, the synthesized NiO–NPs have illustrated a super-paramagnetic behavior throughout the performance of magnetic studies by the means of VSM procedure. Cell cytotoxicity investigation has been carried put on multiple tumor cells by the MTT method, while the antimicrobial studies have displayed that NiO–NPs activity for gram-positive bacteria species seems to be more apparent than the gram-negative bacteria species. Photocatalytic degradation researches have confirmed the consistency of its effects with complete degradation of MB in pH = 11, under optimal conditions. Therefore, we propose a green protocol for the combination of effective biological agents with high purity and crystallinity along with reduced particle size, which stands as beneficial factors to be employed in a variety of applications and environments.