Eco-friendly aqueous binder derived from waste ramie for high-performance Li-S battery

Abstract

Even the sulfur cathode in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery has the advantages of high theoretical energy density, wide source of raw materials, no pollution to the environment, and so on. It still suffers the sore points of easy electrode collapse due to large volume expansion during charge and discharge and low active materials utilization caused by the severe shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). Therefore, in this work, ramie gum (RG) was extracted from ramie fiber degumming liquid and used as the functional binder to address the above problems and improve the Li-S battery's performance for the first time. Surprisingly, the sulfur cathode using RG binder illustrates a high initial capacity of 1152.2 mAh/g, and a reversible capacity of 644.6 mAh/g after 500 cycles at 0.5 C, far better than the sulfur cathode using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder. More importantly, even if the active materials loading increased to as high as 4.30 mg/cm2, the area capacity is still around 3.1 mAh/cm2 after 200 cycles. Such excellent performances could be attributed to the abundant oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups of RG that can effectively inhibit the shuttle effect of LiPSs, as well as the excellent viscosity and mechanical properties that can maintain electrode integrity during long-term charging/discharging. This work verifies the feasibility of RG as an eco-friendly and high-performance Li-S battery binder and provides a new idea for the utilization of agricultural biomass resources.