Abstract
Electric vehicles are offered by many car companies. They are considered ecological, although in terms of power it depends on the energy system, in particular a source of power to charge cars. In case of the production version, and operation may be less or more for a wide meaning of environment. In the article, the authors will present the issues of ecological use of electric vehicles, comparing the combustion and electric environmental studies. An analysis of the common electric vehicle structures and their operation will be presented, in which the environmental performance of vehicles and their positive impact on the quality of life can be achieved or enhanced by a new approach to the design, production and servicing method [1-4]. Authors of final output products of production based on the concept of industry 4.0+ [5], where the final products are supplied by SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises). The authors mention the business model [6] that stimulates the development of SME sales and the sharing of knowledge. In the described model of vehicle production, which can be extended to the manufacturing of small agricultural and municipal machines, new methods of design (using artificial intelligence) and production, including 3D printing and others, play an important role. The authors will present several technologies used in small-lot production and a forecast of their use.
Highlights
Emissions of greenhouse gases and exhaust fumes containing particulates that pollute the air and cause disease are just two of the many charges against internal combustion cars
Cars powered by modern diesel engines are equipped with catalytic converters and filters for particulate matter and NOx utilizing, and their efficiency is above 40% may not be less environmentally friendly than electric cars, whose primary energy comes from coal-fired power plants
Without contradiction, internal combustion cars are characterized by low efficiency at the beginning of the route, which stabilizes at a decent level after driving a few kilometres. (The digestibility of combustion cars increases with the travelled distance)
Summary
Emissions of greenhouse gases and exhaust fumes containing particulates that pollute the air and cause disease are just two of the many charges against internal combustion cars. The battery charge decreases with the number of kilometres travelled, the efficiency of the battery decreases, and an increase in the temperature of the windings and magnets reduces the efficiency of the system This means that electric vehicles are more efficient over short distances than over longer distances. An apparently healthy and ecological means of transport, such as a bicycle, traveling along busy roads, may cause health complications in the long run These arguments strongly support the use of electric vehicles. It turns out that many users get used to their vehicles and are reluctant to change them to new ones, or change to newer ones of the same brand and model Such behavior of potential customers and the relatively simple design of vehicles are conducive to making decisions about the production of cars by local companies that have close contact with the customer and supervise its operation. Authorities in Poland, they are not able to stop this process, as it has an economic basis
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