ECO Driving Control for Intelligent Electric Vehicle with Real-Time Energy

Hongli He,Dan Liu,Juncai Xu,Xiangyang Lu

doi:10.3390/electronics10212613

Abstract

For the battery pack’s limited remaining power, two energy-aware ecological driving problems are discussed. A real-time energy-aware ecological driving control strategy is proposed to optimize energy consumption and meet the ECO driving demand. First, the vehicle longitudinal driving dynamics model and energy consumption model are established. Then, the optimal control problem is constructed with the maximum driving distance and the shortest driving time as the objective functions, respectively. With the multinomial Radau pseudo-spectral method, the optimization results of residual power, vehicle speed, and acceleration are obtained. The results show that in the case of in-vehicle driving the remaining power of the battery pack can be sensed in real-time, and the driving of intelligent electric vehicles can be planned in real-time to realize the most ecological driving with the largest driving distance and shortest driving time. The energy consumptions of vehicles, traveling at the same distance, are compared. The consumption obtained through optimization, is 26% less than the consumption of the vehicle that has not been optimized. The results show that the optimization process has certain advantages. In the future, as one of intelligent vehicles’ autonomous driving control strategies, the results have guiding and practical significance.

Highlights

Intelligent vehicles can provide safer, more energy-efficient, more environmentally friendly, and convenient travel modes and comprehensive solutions for common problems
The Radau pseudo-spectral method is used to solve the energy awareness ecological optimal control problem using the theoretical analysis for the electric vehicle longitudinal motion dynamics model
In order to obtain the result of less energy for the same distance, the relationship between vehicle longitudinal motion dynamics and the electric vehicle energy consumption is analyzed, and the optimal control problem of maximum cruise distance and shortest cruise time is established

Summary

Introduction

Intelligent vehicles can provide safer, more energy-efficient, more environmentally friendly, and convenient travel modes and comprehensive solutions for common problems. Based on the dynamic planning method, Dib W et al obtained the optimal speed tracks of pure electric vehicles to minimize the energy consumption problem [15]. For transforming the problem of minimizing energy consumption into an optimal control problem, Petit N et al obtained the two-point boundary value by Hamiltonian analysis, and the closed-loop solution is obtained based on the inverse method [16]. The Radau pseudo-spectral method is used to solve the energy awareness ecological optimal control problem using the theoretical analysis for the electric vehicle longitudinal motion dynamics model. The contributions of this paper are: (1) The problem of real-time energy aware ecological driving control of intelligent electric vehicles is introduced. Representing the speex.d(t)v=(t)v(atn)d distance x(t) as state variables, the vehicle longitudinal dynamics modelv.f(otr)m=ovmFe−megnμt−is:kmc v2(t) − gsin(θ)

Vehicle Consumption Power Model

Minimum Energy Perception Time Ecological Driving Control

Simulation Optimized Result of Energy-Aware Ecological Driving Control

Discussion

Findings

Conclusions