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Abstract
Two winery residues, namely vine shoots (ViSh) and wine pomace (WiPo), were up-cycled as fillers in PHBV-based biocomposites. Answering a biorefinery approach, the impact of a preliminary polyphenols extraction step using an acetone/water mixture on the reinforcing effect of fillers was assessed. Biocomposites (filler content up to 20 wt%) were prepared by melt-mixing and compared in terms of final performance (thermal, mechanical and barrier). It was shown that the reinforcing effect was slightly better in the case of vine shoots, while it was not significantly affected by the pre-treatment, demonstrating that these two winery residues could be perfectly used as fillers in composite materials even after an extraction process to maximize their potential of valorization.
Highlights
Agriculture is a huge generator of residues, including a large proportion of solid lignocellulosic biomass, which can be considered as the most highly available renewable resource on Earth at the lowest cost [1]
The rise in Water Vapor Permeability (WVP) is generally explained by the increase in water vapor sorption due to the hydrophilic character of lignocellulosic fillers compared to PHBV [45,54]
The lower increase in WVP in the case of wine pomace (WiPo)-based composites may be due to a lower water vapor sorption of the WiPo particles, owing to the higher lignin content
Summary
Agriculture is a huge generator of residues, including a large proportion of solid lignocellulosic biomass, which can be considered as the most highly available renewable resource on Earth at the lowest cost [1] These residues do not often find a valuable exploitation and they are still sometimes burned without valorization [2]. The world plastic production is increasing every year, reaching 350 million tons in 2018 [3] and it induces environmental concerns, notably due to its accumulation in nature These two issues can find a common solution in the development of a generation of biocomposites where a biopolymer matrix is filled with vegetal-derived fillers [4]. Within the different agricultural activities, viticulture has been seen as one of the most spread crops in the world [6]
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