Abstract
The article presents the results of the eco-balance analysis of the disused lead-acid batteries recycling process. Test-dedicated technology offers the possibility to recover other elements, for example, polypropylene of the battery case or to obtain crystalline sodium sulphate. The life cycle assessment was made using ReCiPe and IMPACT2002 + methods. The results are shown as environmental points [Pt]. The results are shown in the environmental categories, specific for each of the methods grouped in the impact categories. 1 Mg of the processed srap was a dopted as the functional unit. The results of the analyses indicate that recycling processes may provide the environmental impact of recycling technology less harmful. Repeated use of lead causes that its original sources are not explored. Similarly, the use of granule production-dedicated polypropylene extracted from battery casings that are used in the plastics industry, has environmental benefits. Due to the widespread use of lead-acid batteries, the attention should be paid to their proper utilization, especially in terms of heavy metals, especially lead. According to the calculations, the highest level of environmental benefits from the use of lead from secondary sources in the production of new products, was observed in the refining process.
Highlights
In Poland, there are two methods of processing battery scrap
The total environmental burden estimated for recycling technology of 1 Mg of lead-acid batteries is (-119.60) Pt for ReCiPe method and (-817) Pt for IMPACT2002 + method
Conducting the analyses in these areas will enable to take action aiming at improving the solution to the battery recycling system in the country as well as emphasize the need for extreme caution before implementing organizational and technological changes which could have a negative environmental impact
Summary
In Poland, there are two methods of processing battery scrap. The first one allows the processing of non-broken up batteries. Technological gases which contain substances requiring high-temperature post-combustion in the dust extraction system, can be considered a technological disadvantage. The second method allows only lead metallurgical fractions to be introduced into metallurgical processing. The study analysed the recycling of disused batteries using the first method. The first stage in the recycling of disused lead-acid batteries involves the mechanical break up the batteries, filtering out the electrolyte and disassembling the battery components. At this stage the hydrodynamic method of separation is used and metallic, plastics, sulphated lead paste, polyethylene and electrolyte fractions are formed
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