Abstract
Optimization of nanofiber surface properties can lead to enhanced tissue regeneration outcomes in the context of bone tissue engineering. Herein, we developed a facile strategy to decorate elctrospun nanofibers using extracellular matrix (ECM) in order to improve their performance for bone tissue engineering. Electrospun PLLA nanofibers (PLLA NF) were seeded with MC3T3-E1 cells and allowed to grow for two weeks in order to harvest a layer of ECM on nanofiber surface. After decellularization, we found that ECM was successfully preserved on nanofiber surface while maintaining the nanostructure of electrospun fibers. ECM decorated on PLLA NF is biologically active, as evidenced by its ability to enhance mouse bone marrow stromal cells (mBMSCs) adhesion, support cell proliferation and promote early stage osteogenic differentiation of mBMSCs. Compared to PLLA NF without ECM, mBMSCs grown on ECM/PLLA NF exhibited a healthier morphology, faster proliferation profile, and more robust osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, our study suggests that ECM decoration on electrospun nanofibers could serve as an efficient approach to improving their performance for bone tissue engineering.
Highlights
Large-sized bone defects cannot heal by themselves, due to the limited regenerative capability of bone tissue; a variety of bone regeneration strategies have been developed in the past 30 years to address this critical clinical problem [1,2,3]
Cell Attachment and Morphology mouse bone marrow stromal cells (mBMSCs) were seeded on both PLLA nanofibers (PLLA NF) and extracellular matrix (ECM)/PLLA NF in a 24-well plate at a seeding density of 2 × 104 cells/cm2 in 1.0 mL medium (n = 10)
Cell-derived ECM provides a natural scaffold for cell attachment, Similar to decellularized tissues, cell-derived ECM provides a natural scaffold for cell proliferation and differentiation as it is a bioactive materials containing a series of fibrillary protein, attachment, proliferation and differentiation as it is a bioactive materials containing a series of matrix molecules, and embedded growth factors [36]
Summary
Large-sized bone defects cannot heal by themselves, due to the limited regenerative capability of bone tissue; a variety of bone regeneration strategies have been developed in the past 30 years to address this critical clinical problem [1,2,3] Among these approaches, bone tissue engineering, which uses a combination of scaffolds, cells, and growth factors to regenerate new bone, still holds the promise of fully solving this important matter [4,5]. The surface properties of most electrospun nanofibers cannot meet the requirement for optimal bone regenerative performance These materials are usually made of natural or synthetic polymers, which are not capable of directing cellular differentiation down to the bone lineage [19,31]. This work should set up an example of using ECM as a surface modification approach to obtain desirable biological properties in electrospun materials
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