Ecklonia stolonifera Extract Suppresses Lipid Accumulation by Promoting Lipolysis and Adipose Browning in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Male Mice.

Heegu Jin,Sungwoo Chei,Kippeum Lee,Boo-Yong Lee,Hyun-Ji Oh,Kang-Pyo Lee

doi:10.3390/cells9040871

Abstract

Obesity develops due to an energy imbalance and manifests as the storage of excess triglyceride (TG) in white adipose tissue (WAT). Recent studies have determined that edible natural materials can reduce lipid accumulation and promote browning in WAT. We aimed to determine whether Ecklonia stolonifera extract (ESE) would increase the energy expenditure in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and 3T3-L1 cells by upregulating lipolysis and browning. ESE is an edible brown marine alga that belongs to the family Laminariaceae and contains dieckol, a phlorotannin. We report that ESE inhibits body mass gain by regulating the expression of proteins involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis. In addition, ESE activates protein kinase A (PKA) and increases the expression of lipolytic enzymes including adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase (p-HSL), and monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) and also thermogenic genes, such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), PR domain-containing 16 (PRDM16), and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). These findings indicate that ESE may represent a promising natural means of preventing obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases.

Highlights

Obesity is one of the most prevalent global health problems and predisposes toward metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia [1,2]
white adipose tissue (WAT), liver, kidney, lung, and spleen were measured at the end of the experiment, and this showed that Ecklonia stolonifera extract (ESE)-treated high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice had smaller WAT depots than the HFD-fed mice, but there were no differences between the groups in the masses of the other organs (Figure 1C, D)
Excess energy is stored as TGs in WAT, which expands through both cellular hyperplasia and hypertrophy [32]

Summary

Introduction

Obesity is one of the most prevalent global health problems and predisposes toward metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia [1,2]. It is caused by excessive fat accumulation when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure [3]. Mammals have two types of adipose tissue that have different functions—white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) [4]. WAT stores excess energy as triglyceride (TG) and is largely composed of adipocytes containing large unilocular lipid droplets. BAT is morphologically and functionally different from WAT, being largely composed of adipocytes containing small multilocular lipid droplets and large numbers of mitochondria.

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Conclusion