Echopattern parameter as an aid to profile Crohn's disease patients

Abstract

BackgroundIntestinal ultrasonography (US) allows for the characterization of the intestinal lesions and provides information on transmural inflammation. The aim of the study was to assess the clinical relevance of echopattern and correlation with Crohn's disease (CD) behavior and activity. MethodsWe performed a prospective study including CD patients assessed by intestinal US. The echopattern was classified as hypoechoic, hyperechoic and stratified. Color-doppler US was also performed in the thickest segment. ResultsOne hundred CD patients were enrolled. The hypoechoic echopattern was significantly correlated with penetrating behavior (r = 0.44, p<0.0001), active disease (r = 0.21, p = 0.034), C-reactive protein/Fecal Calprotectin (r = 0.31, p = 0.004; r = 0.34, p = 0.031, respectively) and steroids (r = 0.33, p = 0.0008). Hypoechoic echopattern was associated with younger age than stratified (p = 0.046) and hyperechoic (p = 0.018) echopatterns. Bowel wall thickness was greater in the hypoechoic group than in the hyperechoic/stratified groups (p = 0.011 and p<0.0001, respectively). Hypoechoic echopattern was associated with fistulas (r = 0.52, p<0.0001) and increased vascularization (r = 0.32, p = 0.001). The hyperechoic echopattern showed a significant correlation with stricturing disease and an inverse correlation with fistulas. During a follow up period of 6 months, patients with hypoechoic echopattern had an increased risk of biological therapy need or surgery. ConclusionsThe characterization of bowel wall echopattern allows for the identification of different CD behaviors.