Abstract
We provide the echolocation call characteristics of two endemic Hipposiderid bats, the Kolar Leaf-nosed Bat Hipposideros hypophyllus and Durga Das’s Leaf-nosed Bat H. durgadasi from Kolar district, Karnataka, India for the first time. The calls consisted of a constant frequency (CF) component followed by a frequency modulated (FM) tail. It was found that, on comparison with the call frequencies of other members of the bicolor group of the genus Hipposideros previously reported from different parts of southeast Asia, H. durgadasi, though larger than H. cineraceus, called at a much higher frequency (168.4 – 175.7 kHz). H. hypophyllus, on the other hand, called between 103.0 – 106.4 kHz. In this paper we present our findings and analysis of the calls of these endemic species.
Highlights
We provide the echolocation call characteristics of two endemic Hipposiderid bats, the Kolar Leaf-nosed Bat Hipposideros hypophyllus and Durga Das’s Leaf-nosed Bat H. durgadasi from Kolar district, Karnataka, India for the first time
The echolocation calls of the leaf-nosed bats studied were of typical form with a constant frequency component followed by a frequency modulated tail (CF-FM calls)
The frequency at maximum energy (FMAXE) of echolocation calls of H. hypophyllus in flight ranged between 103.0–105.3 kHz (Mean±SD: 103.9±0.82 kHz) (n=15) with an average duration of 6.30±1.07 ms (Table 1; Fig. 1A; Audio 1), while in hand held bats it was 100.7– 106.4 kHz (Mean±SD: 104.7±0.91 kHz) (n=20) with an average duration of 7.97±1.42 ms
Summary
We provide the echolocation call characteristics of two endemic Hipposiderid bats, the Kolar Leaf-nosed Bat Hipposideros hypophyllus and Durga Das’s Leaf-nosed Bat H. durgadasi from Kolar district, Karnataka, India for the first time. On comparison with the call frequencies of other members of the bicolor group of the genus Hipposideros previously reported from different parts of southeast Asia, H. durgadasi, though larger than H. cineraceus, called at a much higher frequency (168.4 – 175.7 kHz). Through the use of newer technology, a shift has been observed from invasive methods to minimally invasive and completely non-invasive methods of studying bats of any given region. One such non-invasive method is acoustic survey (Surlykke et al 2014). Bats use echolocation for orientation during foraging and navigation (Broders et al 2004) and as a means
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