Echocardiography-Guided Interventional Closure of Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defects by Jugular Vein Approach

Abstract

In order to extend the echocardiography guided percutaneous ventricular septal defects (VSD) closure, based on femoral artery approach, we performed VSD closure via trans-jugular approach solely under the guidance of transthoracic echocardiography. Because the diameter of the jugular vein is larger than the femoral artery in young children, this technique is recommended for low-weight patients, widening the indications. This chapter introduces how to perform PAN procedure for VSD from jugular vein.