Abstract
Echocardiography is the pivotal diagnostic modality for assessing the clinical significance of a heart murmur in horses. The echocardiographic examination can be used to identify the etiology of a heart murmur, determine the severity of the underlying disease that is present, and assess its potential impact on the horse’s performance and life expectancy. The echocardiographic examination is also the cornerstone of the diagnosis of endocarditis, pericarditis, and myocardial dysfunction in horses. An echocardiographic examination is indicated in horses with loud systolic murmurs, holodiastolic murmurs, continuous murmurs, muffled heart sounds, pericardial friction rubs, and in horses with exercise intolerance or poor performance.
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