Echocardiography in chronic alcoholics following prolonged periods of abstinence

Abstract

Left ventricular function was analyzed using standard echocardiographic techniques in 26 chronic asymptomatic alcoholics without clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease. All were studied following a long period of abstinence (mean 3.1 years; range 3 months to 17 years). Seven asymptomatic children (mean age 14.1 years; range 4 to 19 years) whose mothers had been actively drinking throughout their pregnancies were also studied. The calculated fractional shortening of the left ventricle (per cent ΔS), ejection fraction, mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (mean V CF), excursions and maximal systolic velocites of the ventricular septum and left ventricular posterior wall, preejection period/left ventricular ejection time ratios, mitral valve EF slopes, and thicknesses of the left ventricular posterior wall and ventricular septum were obtained in all. Normal left ventricular function was found in all but one adult alcoholic. In this patient, the per cent ΔS, ejection fraction, and mean V CF were reduced. One additional adult alcoholic had a minimally thickened ventricular septum. Our results differ from other studies which have shown significant left ventricular dysfunction in asymptomatic chronic alcoholics. A possible explanation is the much longer period of abstinence of our chronic alcoholics at the time of their examinations. It also appears that left ventricular function in children born of alcoholic mothers is not affected when assessed after the long interval following prolonged exposure to alcohol in utero.