Abstract
To date, we found no published reports on the effects of metabolic syndrome and physical activity levels on left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in elderly women aged over 65 years. Our study involved patients with echocardiographically normal LV ejection fractions (≥50%) and normal LV dilatation diameters (≤55 mm). Elderly women with metabolic syndrome (n = 20) and healthy elderly women (n = 17) were selected and assessed with the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III, a metabolic syndrome diagnostic instrument. We compared the LV function indices and physical activity levels according to the presence (metabolic syndrome group) or absence (normal group) of metabolic syndrome. The LV end-systolic (LVES) diameter was significantly smaller (p = 0.037) and LV outflow tract (LVOT) diameter was significantly larger (p = 0.030) in the metabolic syndrome group. The left arterial dimension at end-systole (p = 0.024), left arterial volume (LAV) index (p = 0.015), early peak mitral inflow velocity (E, p = 0.031), early diastolic mitral annulus motion velocity (Eʹ-septal, p = 0.044), (Eʹ-lateral, p = 0.008), and E/late peak mitral inflow velocity ratio (E/A, p = 0.006) values were significantly lower and physical activity levels (p = 0.034) were significantly higher in the metabolic syndrome group. These results indicated that the metabolic syndrome group had relatively high physical activity levels compared to the normal group, which may have positively affected the LVES, LVOT, left atrial volume index, E, Eʹ, and E/A values.
Highlights
The cause of metabolic syndrome has not been clearly elucidated; insulin resistance has been commonly reported as the pathophysiological mechanism [1]
Higher in the metabolic syndrome group. These results indicated that the metabolic syndrome group had relatively high physical activity levels compared to the normal group, which may have positively affected the LV end-systolic (LVES), LV outflow tract (LVOT), left atrial volume index, E, E, and E/A values
The lack of physical activity among elderly people increases their risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases, regular physical activity can help improve their health by reducing hypertension and decreasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels [5]
Summary
The cause of metabolic syndrome has not been clearly elucidated; insulin resistance has been commonly reported as the pathophysiological mechanism [1]. The lack of physical activity among elderly people increases their risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases, regular physical activity can help improve their health by reducing hypertension and decreasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels [5]. Obesity results in structural and functional cardiac changes that are caused by the increased amounts of adipose tissue and oxygen demand. Various studies have reported the benefits of physical activity for improving metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors in elderly people [12,13]. None have reported the effects of metabolic syndrome and physical activity levels on LV diastolic function in elderly women. In this study, we compared physical activity levels among elderly women with and without metabolic syndrome and analyzed the factors related to LV diastolic function in these groups of women
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