Echinacoside Alleviates UVB Irradiation-Mediated Skin Damage via Inhibition of Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, and Apoptosis.

Di Zhang,Xiayin Wang,Chengtao Lu,Aidong Wen,Juanli Zhang,Li Yan,Jianbo Wang,Zhe Yu,Hua Li

doi:10.1155/2017/6851464

Abstract

Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation has been known to cause skin damage, which is associated with oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis. Echinacoside is a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from Herba Cistanches, which exhibits strong antioxidant activity. In this study, we evaluate the photoprotective effect of echinacoside on UVB-induced skin damage and explore the potential molecular mechanism. BALB/c mice and HaCaT cells were treated with echinacoside before UVB exposure. Histopathological examination was used to evaluate the skin damage. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, DNA damage, and apoptosis were measured as well. Western blot was used to measure the expression of related proteins. The results revealed that pretreatment of echinacoside ameliorated the skin injury; attenuated oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis caused by UVB exposure; and normalized the protein levels of ATR, p53, PIAS3, hnRNP K, PARP, and XPA. To summarize, echinacoside is beneficial in the prevention of UVB-induced DNA damage and apoptosis of the skin in vivo and in vitro.

Highlights

As the outmost layer of the human body, the skin could be seriously damaged when constantly exposed to chemical pollutants and environmental ultraviolet (UV) radiation
Studies have revealed that chronic exposure of skin to Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation increases the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [2], which resulted in oxidative damage of cellular substrates, such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, leading to inflammation, immunosuppression, apoptosis, and gene mutation [3]
Echinacoside increased from 0.5% to 5% (P < 0 01) (Figure 2(a)).The result suggested that UVB-induced edema was significantly inhibited by treatment with echinacoside

Summary

Introduction

As the outmost layer of the human body, the skin could be seriously damaged when constantly exposed to chemical pollutants and environmental ultraviolet (UV) radiation. UVB radiations (280–320 nm), which are one of the most damaging of the solar UV emissions, could affect various skin structures, cause edema, erythema, hyperplasia, wrinkling, roughness, and premature aging, and even lead to diagnosed skin malignancy [1]. Studies have revealed that chronic exposure of skin to UVB irradiation increases the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [2], which resulted in oxidative damage of cellular substrates, such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, leading to inflammation, immunosuppression, apoptosis, and gene mutation [3]. Antioxidant supplementation is an effective strategy to counteract the deleterious effects of ROS generated by superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, and singlet oxygen after UVB irradiation and reduce the harmful effect of DNA damage by excessive exposure to UVB [4].

Results

Discussion

Conclusion