Abstract
Health monitoring and its related technologies is an attractive research area. The electrocardiogram (ECG) has always been a popular measurement scheme to assess and diagnose cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The number of ECG monitoring systems in the literature is expanding exponentially. Hence, it is very hard for researchers and healthcare experts to choose, compare, and evaluate systems that serve their needs and fulfill the monitoring requirements. This accentuates the need for a verified reference guiding the design, classification, and analysis of ECG monitoring systems, serving both researchers and professionals in the field. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive, expert-verified taxonomy of ECG monitoring systems and conduct an extensive, systematic review of the literature. This provides evidence-based support for critically understanding ECG monitoring systems’ components, contexts, features, and challenges. Hence, a generic architectural model for ECG monitoring systems is proposed, an extensive analysis of ECG monitoring systems’ value chain is conducted, and a thorough review of the relevant literature, classified against the experts’ taxonomy, is presented, highlighting challenges and current trends. Finally, we identify key challenges and emphasize the importance of smart monitoring systems that leverage new technologies, including deep learning, artificial intelligence (AI), Big Data and Internet of Things (IoT), to provide efficient, cost-aware, and fully connected monitoring systems.
Highlights
The last decade has witnessed an increasing number of deaths caused by chronic and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in all countries across the world
This process plays an important role in supporting security and data privacy, which are incorporated in very few ECG monitoring systems
In [135], a real-time energy-aware ECG monitoring system based on the emerging compressed sensing (CS) signal acquisition/compression paradigm for the WBSN applications has been proposed
Summary
The last decade has witnessed an increasing number of deaths caused by chronic and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in all countries across the world. They have evolved to serve purposes and targets other than disease diagnosis and control, including daily activities [33,34,35], sports [36,37,38], and even mode-related purposes [39,40,41] This massive diversity in ECG monitoring systems’ contexts, technologies, computational schemes, and purposes makes it hard for researchers and professionals to design, classify, and analyze ECG monitoring systems. In this work, we propose an expert-verified taxonomy of ECG monitoring systems, a generic architectural model, and a complete, general set of processes to support better understanding, analysis, design, and validation of ECG monitoring systems from a broader perspective. The last section summarizes and discusses our findings and points to future research directions for ECG monitoring systems
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