Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus is an important cancer causing virus. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is an infection-related cancer strongly driven by Epstein–Barr virus. In this cancer model, we identified the major host targets of latent membrane protein 1 which is a driving oncogene encoded by Epstein–Barr virus in latency infection. latent membrane protein 1 activates several oncogenic signaling axes causing multiple malignant phenotypes and therapeutic resistance. Also, Epstein–Barr virus up-regulates DNA methyltransferase 1 and mediates onco-epigenetic effects in the carcinogenesis. The collaborating pathways activated by latent membrane protein 1 constructs an oncogenic signaling network, which makes latent membrane protein 1 an important potential target for effective treatment or preventive intervention. In Epstein–Barr virus lytic phase, the plasma level of Epstein–Barr virus DNA is considered as a distinguishing marker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in subjects from healthy high-risk populations and is also a novel prognostic marker in Epstein–Barr virus-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Now the early detection and screening of the lytic proteins and Epstein–Barr virus DNA have been applied to clinical and high-risk population. The knowledge generated regarding Epstein–Barr virus can be used in Epstein–Barr virus based precision cancer prevention and therapy in the near future.
Highlights
Epstein–Barr virus is an important cancer causing virus
EPSTEIN–BARR VIRUS (EBV) was first discovered in cultured tumor cells derived from a Burkitt lymphoma biopsy acquired from an African patient in 1964.3
EBV is a well-recognized carcinogen that has been implicated in the etiology of several malignancies of both epithelial and lymphoid origins, including gastric cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and Hodgkin’s lymphoma.[4]
Summary
Epstein–Barr virus is an important cancer causing virus. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is an infection-related cancer strongly driven by Epstein–Barr virus. Evidence of a contribution of the lytic cycle to EBV-induced oncogenesis has emerged only in recent years.[11] EBV lytic phase is associated with NPC, GC and multiple lymphomas and confers therapeutic resistance to tumor cells.[50, 51]
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