Abstract
A microwave brain imaging system model is envisaged to detect and visualize tumor inside the human brain. A compact and efficient microstrip patch antenna is used in the imaging technique to transmit equivalent signal and receive backscattering signal from the stratified human head model. Electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure is incorporated on the antenna ground plane to enhance the performance. Rectangular and circular EBG structures are proposed to investigate the antenna performance. Incorporation of circular EBG on the antenna ground plane provides an improvement of 22.77% in return loss, 5.84% in impedance bandwidth, and 16.53% in antenna gain with respect to the patch antenna with rectangular EBG. The simulation results obtained from CST are compared to those obtained from HFSS to validate the design. Specific absorption rate (SAR) of the modeled head tissue for the proposed antenna is determined. Different SAR values are compared with the established standard SAR limit to provide a safety regulation of the imaging system. A monostatic radar-based confocal microwave imaging algorithm is applied to generate the image of tumor inside a six-layer human head phantom model. S-parameter signals obtained from circular EBG loaded patch antenna in different scanning modes are utilized in the imaging algorithm to effectively produce a high-resolution image which reliably indicates the presence of tumor inside human brain.
Highlights
Brain cancer is one of the serious public health problems worldwide because it affects the most vital organ of human body
We focus on the effective antenna modeling, human head phantom modeling, detection of tumor inside human brain by radar-based microwave image reconstruction algorithm, and determination of specific absorption rate (SAR) values inside six-layer human head model
The resolution of the reconstructed image in microwave imaging depends on the scattered signal power which is proportional to the radiated power [9]
Summary
Brain cancer is one of the serious public health problems worldwide because it affects the most vital organ of human body. In the USA, 23,800 patients and 16,700 deaths are estimated due to brain cancer in 2017 [1]. Such a high death rate is caused by the invasive properties of tumors which turn brain cancer into a serious disease. It is encouraging that the cure rate can be increased by reliably diagnosing it in the early stages because treatment at early stage is more efficient and effective compared with treatment done at the late stage of cancer. The possibility of microwave imaging technology for brain cancer detection is increased recently as it offers a safe, rapid, low-cost, noninvasive, and highly accurate system solution which involves nonionizing radiation [3]
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