Abstract
Communal eating reportedly induces changes in food-related behaviors such as increased consumption and alleviation of indefinite complaints. Here, we examined the influence of intimacy with co-eaters on the palatability of the food and the physiological taste thresholds. The study was a single-blind crossover trial with 16 healthy women aged 18 - 19 years (two close friends × 8) as participants. We examined the effect of four preset conditions with regard to taste (condition 1 = tasting alone; condition 2 = tasting with a friend; condition 3 = tasting with three unfamiliar individuals; condition 4 = tasting with a friend and two unfamiliar individuals). Electrical taste thresholds were measured pre-and post-eating. The subjective evaluation of taste did not show any significant difference between the four conditions (p > 0.05). However, the electrical taste threshold significantly decreased when eating with close friends (p < 0.05). As a factor associated with the meal environment, co-eating with family or friends appears to influence tastiness; however, in the present study, it showed no effect on the perception of taste. Nevertheless, eating with friends significantly decreased the electrical taste threshold and enhanced the perception of taste. Decrease in the electrical taste threshold was observed only when eating with a close friend; it was not observed when eating with other people and showed no association with the total number of individuals co-eating.
Highlights
Communal dining is one of the most common social activities
Decrease in the electrical taste threshold was observed only when eating with a close friend; it was not observed when eating with other people and showed no association with the total number of individuals co-eating
A significant difference was observed between the electrical taste threshold pre-and post-eating
Summary
Studies have shown that food tends to taste better when consumed in the company of others than when eaten alone [1] This phenomenon is termed the “social facilitation of eating” [1], which refers to the increase in the volume of food intake and to the taste [2]. One of the explanations for this phenomenon is associated with the positive effect of co-eating on mood; when people eat together, they usually talk to each other and experience social unity [3]. These positive changes in mood may result in the social facilitation of eating [4] [5]. Studies conducted in children have shown that eating in a group results in an increased food intake and inculcates good eating behavior and attitudes toward food [8] [9] [10]
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