Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System to detect aspiration risk in children with cerebral palsy: a validation study.

Abstract

This prospective study has two aims. The first aim is to assess the concurrent validity of the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System (EDACS) as a means of identifying aspiration risk in children with cerebral palsy by using the Pediatric version of the Eating Assessment Tool (PEDI-EAT-10) as the reference test. The second aim is to investigate the relationship between the aspiration and non-aspiration groups using both the EDACS and the PEDI-EAT-10. Data were collected and analyzed from the EDACS and PEDI-EAT-10 using a convenience sample of 131 children with cerebral palsy and feeding problems (77 males, 54 females; median age 4.4years [IQR 2.5years]). Risk of aspiration was identified in 118 individuals using the PEDI-EAT-10 scores of ≥ 5 points. The EDACS proved to be a valid tool in identifying aspiration risk in children who are classified in EDACS levels III-V. There was a significant correlation between the EDACS and PEDI-EAT-10 (rs = 0.597, p < 0.001). The EDACS had 78% (95% CI = 71-86%) sensitivity and 92% (95% CI = 88-97%) specificity in identifying aspiration risk a positive predictive value of 0.99, a negative predictive value of 0.32, a positive likelihood ratio of 9.75, and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.24. Conclusion: The EDACS is a useful clinical tool to identify aspiration risk in children with cerebral palsy. Children in EDACS levels III to V are at risk of aspiration. As time permits, we recommend the use of both tools, the EDACS and the PEDI-EAT-10, when making decisions regarding referral for an instrumented swallowing study. What is Known: • Approximately 50% of children with cerebral palsy have dysphagia. • The Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System (EDACS) can be used to classify eating and drinking efficiency and safety in children with cerebral palsy. What is New: • Based on ROC analysis, EDACS demonstrates sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 92% in clinical identification of aspiration risk. • The combined use of the EDACS and the Pediatric version of the Eating Assessment Tool is recommended to make decisions about referral for an instrumented swallow study.