Abstract

An overview of traditional views and practices is taken primarily from studies of fifteen tribal societies. An emphasis on supernatural causes of disease, a dependence upon witchdoctors who utilize herbal and ritual remedies, and the use of surgical techniques were features common to most groups. Numerous health problems are shown to result from traditional beliefs. Among them are dietary deficiencies, high infant mortality, and poor mental health. Proposals to incorporate the witchdoctor into modern practice are discussed, but considered unwise, although an analysis of herbal remedies is recommended, as is an emulation of the traditional emphasis upon social and emotional factors in illness. The need for wide-spread, innovative health education and for scientific measurement of its progress is stressed.

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