Abstract
It is essential to develop a novel and versatile strategy for constructing electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs) that have superior conductivity and high mechanical properties. In this work, easily synthesized polyaniline@cellulose (PANI@CNs) nanowhiskers with a high aspect ratio and excellent solubility in 1,4-dioxane were prepared and added to conventional Ag-containing adhesives. A small amount of PANI@CNs can dramatically tune the structure of the ECAs’ conductive network and significantly improve the conductivity of the ECAs. Good solubility of PANI@CNs in solvents brings excellent dispersion in the polymer matrix. Thus, a three-dimensional (3D) conducting network formed with dispersed PANI@CNs and Ag flakes can enhance the conductivity of ECAs. The conductivity of the ECAs (with 1.5 wt% PANI@CNs and 55 wt% Ag flakes) showed three orders of magnitude higher than that of the ECAs filled with 55 wt% Ag flakes and 65 wt% Ag flakes. Meanwhile, the integration of PANI@CNs with Ag flakes in polymer matrices also significantly enhanced the mechanical compliance of the resulted ECAs. The resistivity remained unchanged after rolling the PANI@CNs-containing ECAs’ film into a 4 mm bending radius for over 1500 cycles. A bendable printed circuit was fabricated using the above PANI@CNs-containing ECAs, which demonstrated their future potential in the field of flexible electronics.
Highlights
The increasing demand for consumer electronics where circuits are wrapped or rolled up conformably around complex shapes has prompted significant interests in next-generation interconnect materials [1]
For conventional Ag-containing electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs), the conductivity was significantly improved by adding high-aspect-ratio conductive materials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [10], graphene [11], and silver nanowires (Ag NWs) [12]
In order to alleviate the above two problems, we report a facile method to prepare polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose nanowhiskers (PANI@Cellulose nanowhiskers (CNs)) as novel nanocomposites that possess a high aspect ratio and excellent solubility in 1,4-dioxane
Summary
The increasing demand for consumer electronics where circuits are wrapped or rolled up conformably around complex shapes has prompted significant interests in next-generation interconnect materials [1]. For conventional Ag-containing ECAs, the conductivity was significantly improved by adding high-aspect-ratio conductive materials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [10], graphene [11], and silver nanowires (Ag NWs) [12]. The electrical conductivity of these composites with hybrid fillers is often substantially higher than the average value of those only contain silver flakes alone, indicating that a considerable amount of expensive metal fillers could be substituted with high-aspect-ratio cheap conductive fillers. Metal nanoparticles and nanowires were very expensive, and their surface was always covered by insulating organic molecules, which significantly weakened the electrical conductivity of ECAs [18,19] Owing to their hydrophobic surfaces and large specific surface area, carbon-based nanofillers such as CNTs and graphene have poor dispersion in the solvents for composites, which generally require surface chemical modification or dispersing agent to reach a more stable suspension [20,21]. New flexible conductive adhesives with ultrahigh conductivity and high mechanical compliance were achieved
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