Abstract
This paper reviews the main issues to be addressed in the design of shallow and deep foundations which may be subject to earthquake loading. Information is presented on the soil properties required as well as the various design analysis techniques with a view to assessing the current state-of-the-art and highlighting areas in which further techniques need to be developed. The paper sets out, by way of an overview, a sequence of steps that a designer may follow in developing a foundation system. It is concluded that, at present, the greatest deficiencies lie in the areas of most potential use to designers. A secondary aim of the paper is to enhance communication between geotechnical and structural engineers on aseismic foundation design.
Highlights
The intention of this keynote paper is to review the current stateof-the-art of the aseismic design of foundations
It has been found that for normally consolidated clays shear strains less than about 0.05% give no pore pressure rise and that this threshold strain increases with overconsolidation ratio, Matsuda and Ohara [56]. (Note that this result is consistent with the earlier comment about the liquidity index as an indicator of cyclic soil behaviour.) This is an important aspect of the cyclic behaviour of clay as it suggests that for small strains a total stress analysis gives adequate modelling of the seismic response
This finding, no doubt a consequence of the small shear strains that are developed in the soil near a rigid wall, is a good example of a level 3 method verifying a much simpler design analysis approach. This keynote lecture has reviewed the geotechnical design process, as it relates to the aseisrnic design of foundations
Summary
The intention of this keynote paper is to review the current stateof-the-art of the aseismic design of foundations. It is written with a general, rather than specialised geotechnical, audience in mind. Aseismic foundation design cannot be isolated from structural design as important soil-structure interaction questions must be considered. Something of a quandary confronts the designer as structural behaviour can be specified with considerable precision, whereas geotechnical considerations are so often clouded by uncertainties in soil behaviour and properties. The design concepts set out in this paper are presented with these difficulties in mind and are intended to stimulate foundation design processes based on the real behaviour of soil during earthquake loading
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