Abstract
This article addresses three large earthquake disasters in Iran: Tabas in 1978, Rudbar in 1990, and Bam in 2003. Lessons and “Lessons Learned” from these three earthquake disasters were investigated together with their contributions over time towards earthquake disaster risk reduction in Iran. Many lessons from 1978 Tabas, 1990 Rudbar, and 2003 Bam did not become “Lessons Learned” and they were identified again within the dramatic context of other earthquake disasters in various places of Iran. Both lessons and “Lessons Learned” from Tabas, Rudbar, Bam, and other earthquake disasters in Iran require a sustainable long-term framework—an earthquake culture.
Highlights
We live on seismically active planet (Bilham 2009) and in a ‘‘world risk society’’ (Beck 2008, p. 1) in which it is neither realistic nor practical to eliminate risk (Lacasse et al 2004)
What does the concept of lessons and ‘‘Lessons Learned’’ mean in the arena of disaster risk reduction? The terminology related to risk and disaster risk reduction is confronted with what Thywissen (2006) called ‘‘Babylonian confusion,’’ which means that different meanings are connected with different people and different contexts
Lessons from the Tabas 1978, Rudbar 1990, and Bam 2003 earthquake disasters were identified for various stages of earthquake disaster planning, rescue, medical emergency response, relief, short-term recovery, and short- and longterm reconstruction
Summary
We live on seismically active planet (Bilham 2009) and in a ‘‘world risk society’’ (Beck 2008, p. 1) in which it is neither realistic nor practical to eliminate risk (Lacasse et al 2004). The key question is whether the identified lessons from earthquake disasters can be considered as ‘‘Lessons Learned’’ and have adequately improved earthquake disaster risk reduction. To answer this question, Iran was selected as a study area. Three earthquake disasters that were considered among the worst and deadliest disasters in Iran in the last 100 years were examined in this study: Tabas in 1978, Rudbar in 1990, and Bam in 2003. Ibrion et al Earthquake Disaster Risk Reduction in Iran interviews conducted in Rudbar in 2012 and Bam in 2010 and 2012. Communicating, and learning the lessons from past disasters. Kasperson (2010) underlined that together with risk analysis, social learning has impact on the dimensions of disasters
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