Abstract
This article investigates the transient characteristics of earth currents and grounding potential rises (GPRs) produced by lightning strikes directly to the earth and to a vertical conductor with a grounding electrode. Influences of the earth depth and the distance from the lightning channel are discussed based on a field test and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) computed results. The validity of the FDTD is confirmed in comparison with the field test results. Based on the FDTD results, a large portion of the lightning current is observed to flow along the earth surface during a transient period. The current density is roughly proportional to 1/ r 2 ( r : distance from the lightning base) for the lightning to the earth surface, and 1/ Lr for the lightning to a vertical conductor with a grounding electrode of length L . The GPR shows similar characteristics. Electromagnetic field radiated from the lightning to the earth contributes to the peak of the earth-surface current, and it becomes dominant when r is larger than 10 m. The pole grounding of a distribution line nearby the lightning absorbs a portion of the lightning current and, thus, the current density becomes larger toward the distribution pole.
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More From: IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility
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