Early Warning Method and Model of Inland Ship Collision Risk Based on Coordinated Collision-Avoidance Actions

Zhiyou Cheng,Bing Wu,Yaling Li

doi:10.1155/2020/5271794

Abstract

To reduce the occurrence of ship collisions, immediate danger, and close-quarters situations in narrow inland waterways, a step-by-step early warning system for ship collision-avoidance actions was developed, along with an early warning method and model of collision risk based on coordinated collision-avoidance actions. This study first analyzed the importance of coordinated collision-avoidance actions in inland waterways, and the process and key components of coordinated collision-avoidance actions were studied. Then, the early warning method of inland ship collision risk based on coordinated collision-avoidance actions was introduced; the effectiveness of the early warning method was comparatively analyzed via experimental observations. A framework of early warning model of inland ship collision risk was created based on the early warning method; a collision risk early warning model for inland ships based on coordinated collision-avoidance actions was proposed according to the relationship between the distance/time to the closest point of approach (DCPA, TCPA), coordination degree of collision-avoidance actions of the two considered ships and collision risk; moreover, the early warning model of inland ship collision risk was further considered for quantitative calculation. Finally, the application of the early warning method and model was demonstrated using a case study. The results indicate that the early warning method of inland ship collision risk based on coordinated collision-avoidance actions could effectively reduce the emergence of close-quarters situations and immediate danger, and the early warning model could quantitatively show the evolution of collision risk of two ships along with the process of coordinated collision-avoidance actions.

Highlights

Some studies have estimated that 80% of maritime accidents and 86–95% of ship collisions are due to human error; the quantification of the impact of human error is of great importance to shipping safety [1]
= 12 min Compared with traditional collision risk evaluation methods based on DCPA and TCPA, the proposed early warning method and model of ship collision risk based on coordinated collision-avoidance actions serve as a step-by-step early warning system that allows ample time for taking appropriate collision-avoidance actions
Modeling DCPA, TCPA, and Co to estimate ship-ship collision risk serves as a step-by-step early warning system

Summary

Introduction

Some studies have estimated that 80% of maritime accidents and 86–95% of ship collisions are due to human error; the quantification of the impact of human error is of great importance to shipping safety [1]. Relative Research on the Effect of Uncoordinated CollisionAvoidance Actions on Ship-Ship Collision Risk. Zheng and Wu [8] studied uncoordinated collision-avoidance actions based on game theory. In ship collision risk early warning systems, the most commonly used methods of risk estimation are the DCPA and TCPA. Based on the literature review, the relative studies mainly focus on uncoordinated collision-avoidance actions of two ships and evaluation of ship collision risk; minimal work has been reported on early warning of inland ship collision risk based on coordinated ship-ship action. Erefore, this study developed an early warning method and model of inland ship collision risk based on DCPA, TCPA, and the coordination degree of collision-avoidance actions of two ships. 2. Early Warning Method of Inland Ship Collision Risk Based on Coordinated Collision-Avoidance Actions. When two power-driven vessels meet, their avoidance strategies should be harmonized through sound signals, and the avoidance actions should not be changed [32]

Process and Key Components of Coordinated CollisionAvoidance Actions

C S3 B S2 A

Further Study of Early Warning Model of Inland Ship Collision Risk

Findings

Discussion

Conclusions