Abstract
HIV Timing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation for HIV can influence viral-reservoir seeding and also the immune response. However, this has not been well characterized in neonatal HIV infection. To discern how ART affects neonates, Garcia-Broncano et al. studied infants from Botswana who were placed on ART hours or months after birth. Early initiation of therapy reduced seeding of the viral reservoir and also modulated natural killer cell and T cell responses to HIV. Thus, immediate ART initiation—earlier than the current guidelines of a few weeks—could provide real benefit to infants with HIV. Sci. Transl. Med. 11 , eaax7350 (2019).
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