Early steps towards quarks and their interactions using neutrino beams in CERN bubble chamber experiments

Don H Perkins

doi:10.1140/epjh/e2016-70016-2

Abstract

Results from neutrino experiments at CERN in the1970’s, using bubble chamber detectors filled with heavy liquids, gave early evidence for the existence of quarks and gluons as real dynamical objects. In detail, the measured moments of the non-singlet structure functions provided crucial support for the validity of the present theory of the strong inter-quark interactions, quantum chromodynamics.

Highlights

The first dynamical evidence for point-like substructure in neutrons and protons was found in deep inelastic electron scattering experiments at Stanford, and was first presented by Panofsky at the IUPAP High Energy Physics Conference in Vienna in 1968
After the 1968 presentation of deep inelastic electron scattering by nucleons, the observed linear energy dependence of the total neutrino cross-section (Budagov et al 1969) was recognised as a crucial signal for point-like structure in the nucleon
The cross-sections were evaluated from the event rates and the neutrino/antineutrino fluxes, as determined from the muon fluxes measured at different depths in the shielding, and the K/π ratios in front of the shielding (Bosetti et al 1982b). These experiments were to provide early support for the quark model, with quarks and gluons detected as real dynamical objects, and for the asymptotically free gauge theory of the strong inter-quark interactions, quantum chromodynamics (QCD)

Summary

Introduction

The first dynamical evidence for point-like substructure in neutrons and protons was found in deep inelastic electron scattering experiments at Stanford, and was first presented by Panofsky at the IUPAP High Energy Physics Conference in Vienna in 1968. These experiments were to provide early support for the quark model, with quarks and gluons detected as real dynamical objects, and for the asymptotically free gauge theory of the strong inter-quark interactions, quantum chromodynamics (QCD).

Results

Conclusion