Early-stage heart failure disease prediction with deep learning approach

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases rank the highest among diseases in terms of mortality rate and cause millions of deaths every year. Heart failure is a type of cardiovascular disease and its early diagnosis is extremely important for its prevention. It may be vitally important to understand to what extent which body values, characteristics and factors (age, gender, blood pressure, sugar, etc.) affect this disease and to predict whether the individual will have a possible heart attack in the future. In this study, firstly, the correlation level of the relevant body values with the disease is extracted and in the second stage, a method that predicts heart attack with DNN (Deep Neural Network) and CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) deep learning models is proposed. In the study, 918 observations obtained from the kaggle site were used. Firstly, missing data, categorical data, non-numerical features were checked. Then, outliers were cleaned and the relationship of the features in the dataset with the disease state was revealed by feature engineering operations on the data. Finally, deep neural network models were built and the model was trained and hyperparameter adjustment was performed with GridSearhCV to achieve the highest success rate. As a result of the study, Accuracy, Precision, Recall and F1-Score values were found as 0.9375, 0.9629, 0.9176, 0.9397 for DNN and 0.9312, 0.9512, 0.9176, 0.9340 for CNN respectively. The AUC value calculated from the ROC curve was found to be equal to 0.96 in both deep learning models.